We derive the first law of thermodynamics using the method proposed by Wald.Treating the entropy as Noether charge and comparing with the usual first law of the
A dynamically tunable fiber filter realizing complex spectra of phase-shifted long period fiber gratings (LPFGs)is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The
Anode floating voltage is predicted and investigated for silicon drift detectors (SDDs) with an active area of 5 mm2 fabricated by a double-side parallel techno