现行民事抗诉机制的基础表现在政治、认识论和司法方面,但传统社会中支持该抗诉机制的基础,在当今社会面临诸多挑战,出现了许多困惑。新时期民事抗诉的机制建立,最根本的应是抗诉基础的重新设计或历史性转变。这种转变应是从对审判权的制约到对当事人的诉权保障,从与当事人申请再审并列设计的民事抗诉转化为补充当事人再审申请权的抗诉机制。该机制体现在申请再审的前置、抗诉的期间、抗诉在整个再审中的地位、抗诉机关的权利等问题的处理中。 The current civil protest mechanism is based on politics, epistemology and judicature. However, the foundation of traditional anti-protest mechanisms in traditional society faces many challenges and many confusions in today’s society. In the new era, the mechanism of civil protest should be established. The most fundamental issue should be the redesign or historic change of protest basis. This change should be from the right to jurisdiction to protect the parties’ right of action, from the parties to apply for retrial parallel civil protest transformed into the reproof of the parties to apply for retrial appeal mechanism. The mechanism is reflected in the pre-application retrial, the protest period, the protest in the whole retrial in the position of the protest authority’s rights and other issues.