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在70年代后发生的石油危机之前,世界能源是充分和廉价的。如今的工业发达国家正是获取了大量廉价能源发展了经济,从而得以从二次大战的创伤中恢复过来并且达到了空前的繁荣。如今不仅廉价能源时代一去不复返了,而且由于核电站事故的威胁和环境污染问题日益突出,使得全世界都在关心世界能源是取之不尽还是用之将竭?这首先要看看——世界能源消费的现状和未来根据世界能源会议的调查统计,1985年的世界商品能源消费量为74亿吨油当量(各种能源按其发热量折算为每公斤10000千卡的石油,称为油当量),其中煤炭消费占30%,石油占38%,天然气占20%,水电占7%,核能占5%。在世界能源总消费中,仅占世界人口约1/4的工业化国家能源消费占3/4以上,而占世界人口3/4的广大第三世界国家对商品能源的消费还不到
Before the oil crisis that took place after the 1970s, the world’s energy sources were full and cheap. Today’s industrialized countries have acquired a great deal of cheap energy to develop the economy and have thus recovered from the trauma of World War II and achieved unprecedented prosperity. Today, not only is the age of cheap energy gone, but also because the threat of nuclear power plant accidents and environmental pollution are becoming more and more prominent, the whole world is concerned that the world’s energy sources are inexhaustible or will be exhausted. - The current situation and future of energy consumption in the world According to the statistics of the World Energy Conference, the world’s energy consumption for commodities in 1985 was 7.4 billion tons of oil equivalent (various energy sources are converted into oil of 10,000 kcal per kilogram according to their calorific value, which is called Oil equivalent), of which coal consumption accounts for 30%, oil accounts for 38%, natural gas accounts for 20%, hydropower accounts for 7%, and nuclear energy accounts for 5%. In the world’s total energy consumption, energy consumption in the industrialized countries, which account for only about one-fourth of the world’s population, accounts for more than 3/4 of the total, while the third-world countries, which account for 3/4 of the world’s population, do not consume energy for commodities.