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以两系法杂交水稻粤杂122为材料,在广州进行2 a 4季田间试验,研究了氮素作基肥、蘖肥和穗粒肥施用对水稻氮素吸收、稻谷产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:施用穗粒肥具有显著的增产作用,其增产效果比基肥和蘖肥好;施用穗粒肥显著提高水稻总吸氮量,基肥和蘖肥对吸氮量影响较小;在总施氮量相同的情况下,氮肥作穗粒肥施用的吸收利用率和农学利用率比基肥和蘖肥高;水稻最适吸氮量随结实期日照时数的增加而提高。控制氮肥总量,适当减少基肥和蘖肥用量,增加穗粒肥用量,实行氮肥后移,有利于提高华南双季杂交稻的产量和氮肥利用率。
Two-line hybrid rice Yue-hybrid 122 was used as material in Guangzhou for 2-year and 4-season field experiments to study the effects of nitrogen application as basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and ear grain fertilizer on nitrogen absorption, paddy yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that the application of grain-ear fertilizer had a significant increase in yield, and its yield-increasing effect was better than that of basal and tillering. The application of grain-spike fertilizer significantly increased the total nitrogen uptake of rice, and the effect of basal and tillering fertilizer on nitrogen uptake was small. Under the same conditions, the absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for grain-spike fertilizer was higher than that of basal and tillering. The optimum amount of nitrogen for rice increased with the increase of sunshine hours in the period of grain-filling. Controlling the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer, properly reducing the amount of basal and tillering, increasing the amount of ear grain and fertilizer, and carrying out the nitrogen fertilizer backward, are conducive to increasing the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of double cropping hybrid rice in South China.