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把总量理论和相对价格理论在货币理论模型中逻辑一致的结合在一起,是从古典经济学以来尚未解决的难题。凯恩斯试图用有效需求的总量理论来揭示资本主义货币交换经济的不稳定性成因,并用劳动单位和货币作为加总的标准来解决总量与相对价格的逻辑一致问题。但因为未放弃边际分析方法,这使他的理论充满逻辑矛盾,并为新古典的总生产函数提供了理论线索。而以总生产函数为基础的新古典综合的宏观经济模型为保持理论逻辑的一致性,必须假定是单一产品模型。它的作用限于分析实物交换经济而不是货币交换经济。由此在凯恩斯主义发展中引发一个重要的谜团:“为什么在其中货币角色是重要的理论会转变为在其中货币不重要的理论”。(H.G.Johnson,1961)
The combination of gross theory and relative price theory in the logic of monetary theory model is an unsolved problem since classical economics. Keynes attempted to reveal the causes of the instability of the capitalist currency exchange economy by using the theory of the total amount of effective demand and to solve the logical agreement between the total quantity and the relative prices by using labor units and currencies as the aggregate standard. But because he did not give up the method of marginal analysis, which made his theory full of logical contradictions and provided theoretical clues for the neoclassical total production function. The neoclassical macroeconomic model based on the aggregate production function must be assumed to be a single product model in order to maintain the consistency of theoretical logic. Its function is limited to the analysis of barter economy rather than currency exchange economy. This leads to an important mystery in the development of Keynesianism: “why the theory in which the monetary role is important transforms into a theory in which the currency is not important.” (H.G. Johnson, 1961)