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海洋渔业(包括捕捞和养殖)提供的蛋白是全球人类膳食中重要的动物蛋白来源,同时海洋渔业也是众多国家国民生计的重要来源。我国是海洋渔业大国,确保海洋渔业可持续发展对维护我国食物及营养安全意义重大。近海生态系统是海洋渔业产出最为丰富的区域,在全球变暖背景下,近海过度开发、栖息地破坏以及陆源污染等,使我国渔业生物持续面临高胁迫环境,继而使海洋捕捞及海水养殖可持续发展面临巨大挑战。基因组等学科发展使得高胁迫环境下的海洋生物适应潜力的精准评估与预测成为可能。文章概述了我国渔业生物胁迫环境适应研究现状,以期明确海洋渔业生物环境适应进化研究的主要科学问题;并进一步提出未来研究建议,以促进我国海洋渔业生物资源与水产养殖精准化管理及产业健康、可持续发展。
Proteins provided by marine fisheries, including fishing and farming, are important sources of animal protein in the global human diet, and marine fisheries are also important sources of national livelihoods in many countries. China is a big marine fishery country, and ensuring the sustainable development of marine fisheries is of great significance in safeguarding the food and nutrition security in our country. The coastal ecosystems are the most abundant marine fishery output areas. In the context of global warming, offshore over-exploitation, habitat destruction and land-based pollution have caused the marine organisms in our country to continue to face a high-stress environment, which in turn leads to marine fishing and mariculture Sustained development faces enormous challenges. Genomics and other disciplines make it possible to accurately assess and predict the potential of marine organisms to adapt to high-stress conditions. This paper summarizes the research status of the adaptation of fishery biotic stress in China in order to clarify the major scientific issues of marine fishery biological environment adaptation evolutionary research and further proposes future research proposals to promote the marine fishery biological resources and aquaculture precision management and industrial health in our country, sustainable development.