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概述了以气体为热载体的石油烃直接加热裂解技术及其应用;介绍了热载气体直接加热石油烃裂解的装置组成、运行条件、产物产率、技术改进及发展状况,分析了裂解反应机理和反应动力学;指出热载气体直接加热裂解具有原料适用性广、产物分布灵活、热效率较高和受结焦影响小等优点,但同时也有裂解装置结构较复杂、缺乏系统性研究数据等不足.最后对热载气体直接加热石油烃裂解的研究进行了展望,指出以氢氧燃烧产生的过热水蒸汽作为热载气体的直接加热裂解技术,在提高换热效率、降低碳排放、扩大原料范围和耦合制取合成气等方面有很大优势,发展前景广阔.
The direct pyrolysis technology of petroleum hydrocarbons using gas as heat carrier and its application are introduced. The composition, operating conditions, product yield, technological improvement and development of petroleum hydrocarbon pyrolysis with direct heating of hot carrier gas are introduced. The mechanism of pyrolysis reaction And the reaction kinetics. It is pointed out that direct heating pyrolysis of hot carrier gas has the advantages of wide applicability of raw materials, flexible product distribution, high thermal efficiency and little influence by coking. However, there are some shortcomings such as complicated structure of cracking device and lack of systematic research data. Finally, the prospect of pyrolysis of petroleum hydrocarbons by direct heating of carrier gas is prospected. It is pointed out that the direct pyrolysis of superheated steam generated by oxyhydrogen combustion as hot carrier gas can improve the heat transfer efficiency, reduce carbon emissions and expand the range of raw materials And coupled to obtain syngas and other aspects have great advantages, broad prospects for development.