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随着癌症治疗的改进,癌症患者的生存期也随之延长。因此,癌症治疗所致的并发症也日益显著。本文将介绍目前所知胸部放疗对心血管系统的副作用,并对其病理改变、影响其发病及预后的危险因素、发病机制及防治进行论述。胸部放疗导致的心脏损伤多种多样,包括冠状动脉粥样硬化、心包炎、心肌病及心脏瓣膜疾病等。研究表明放疗所致心脏损伤与放射剂量、受照射心脏的范围、患者年龄以及放射技术等因素相关。随着一些新技术应用于胸部放射治疗中,使其所致心血管疾病的发病率随之降低。然而,放射性心脏损伤的发病机制及其防治仍有待进一步研究。
With the improvement of cancer treatment, the survival of cancer patients also will be extended. Therefore, the complications caused by cancer treatment are also increasingly prominent. This article will introduce the currently known side effects of chest radiotherapy on the cardiovascular system, and its pathological changes, the risk factors affecting its incidence and prognosis, pathogenesis and prevention are discussed. Chest radiotherapy causes a variety of heart damage, including coronary atherosclerosis, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy and heart valve disease. Studies have shown that radiation-induced heart damage and radiation dose, the scope of the irradiated heart, the patient’s age and radiation technology and other factors. As some of the new technologies are used in chest radiotherapy, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is reduced. However, the pathogenesis of radiation-induced cardiac injury and its prevention remains to be further studied.