在动物和人体评价药物对记忆和学习的影响非常困难。动物为获取食物奖赏或逃避惩罚,可训练做某种有目的性的动作,此时称为获得(Acquisition);无奖励或不予惩罚时,所获得动作即消退(Extinction)。通过学习所获得的动作在药物影响下能维持一定时间。因而药物可导致获得或消退的改变提示药物对记忆过程有影响。但是,药物对损伤(退行性健忘)或易化记忆(延迟消退)的敏感性则与所用剂量、动 It is very difficult to evaluate the effects of drugs on memory and learning in animals and humans. In order to obtain food reward or evade punishment, the animal may train for some purposeful action, which is called Acquisition. When no reward or punishment is given, the acquired action is Extinction. Through the learning of the action obtained under the influence of drugs to maintain a certain period of time. Thus a change in the drug that can result in getting or disappearing suggests that the drug has an impact on the memory process. However, the sensitivity of the drug to injury (degenerative amnesia) or facilitated memory (delaying regression) is proportional to the dose used,