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欧美语言资源保护始于濒危语言研究。20世纪90年代欧美国家开始在世界范围内开展濒危语言调查、记录工作,国外学者从语言的调查、识别到记录、描写,经历了一个濒危语言调查、研究、实践,相关理论方法探讨、创新的过程。进入21世纪,科学技术飞速发展,耳听手记、书面记录的传统方法已不能适应现代社会的需要,濒危语言保存研究逐渐向语言数位典藏发展。本文通过对欧美濒危语言研究背景、现状、特点的梳理,简述其对中国语言资源保护工作的重要启示。
European and American language resources protection began in the study of endangered languages. In the 1990s, Europe and the United States began to carry out endangered language investigation and record-keeping work all over the world. Foreign scholars investigated, identified and recorded, described and experienced an investigation, study and practice of endangered languages, exploring relevant theoretical methods and innovating process. In the 21st century, the rapid development of science and technology, ear to ear notes, and written records of traditional methods have been unable to meet the needs of modern society. The research on the preservation of endangered languages is gradually developing into the digital language collection. This essay summarizes the important enlightenment on the protection of Chinese language resources by combing the research background, current situation and characteristics of endangered languages in Europe and the United States.