“满洲殖民主义”是20世纪90年代在美国学界曾经流行的一个概念,试图将清朝视为一个殖民帝国,将其在西北内亚边疆地区的拓展和有效管理纳入帝国殖民这一话语体系之下,其中,理藩院被认为是支持这一观点的关键。但实际上,清朝在18世纪中期彻底平定西北后,开始对过去理藩院体制进行积极调整,逐渐在天山南北和阿尔泰山地区建立起一套军机处统辖之下的将军、大臣驻防体系,并借此将国家权力延伸到边疆地区的基层社会,进一步推进国家构建,为晚清新疆建省、向近代主权国家过渡奠定了基础,与西方学者所谓的“帝国主义”、“殖民主义”大相径庭。 “Manchurian colonialism” was a popular concept in the American academia in the 1990s. It attempted to include the Qing Dynasty as a colonial empire and integrate its expansion and effective management in the northwestern Nei-border region into the discourse system of imperial colonization Among them, the courthouse is considered to be the key to supporting this view. In fact, after the Qing government completely settled the northwest in the middle of the eighteenth century, the Qing government began to make active adjustments to the system of the ruling court administration in the past and gradually established a system of generals and ministers under the jurisdiction of the PLA Navy in the northern and southern Tianshan Mountains and the Altai Mountains. In this way, the state power will be extended to the grass-roots society in the frontier areas, the state will be further promoted, the foundation for the establishment of the province in late Qing Dynasty and the transition to modern sovereign countries will be laid, and the so-called “imperialism” and “colonialism ”Very different.