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目的 调查全国活产儿出生体重情况和低出生体重儿发生率。方法 采用分层抽样方法 ,对中国 11个省的 16个市、2 8个县 ,1998年 7～ 10月出生的孕周≥ 2 8周的全部活产婴儿进行出生体重测查。结果 共测查活产儿 2 2 35 0人 (男 115 84人、女 10 76 6人 )。多胎率和早产率分别为 1 8%和 3 5 %。城市、农村和全国加权低出生体重儿发生率分别为 4 2 0 %、6 2 6 %和 5 87%。低出生体重儿中 6 1 2 %为足月儿 (≥ 37周 ) ,在农村则占 71 6 %。城市和农村活产儿平均出生体重分别为 330 1g和 32 2 5g,城市显著高于农村。男婴和女婴活产儿平均出生体重分别为 32 80g、3173g ,接近WHO推荐的出生体重均值。沿海、内地、边远地区活产儿平均出生体重呈逐渐下降趋势。低出生体重儿早期新生儿死亡率在城市为 5 0 0‰ ,农村为 179 4‰ ,全国为 15 1 5‰ ,显著高于正常出生体重婴儿。结论中国活产儿平均出生体重和低出生体重的发生率与发达国家水平接近 ,但地区间差异有显著性。低出生体重的主要原因是宫内发育迟缓 ,低出生体重儿的早期新生儿死亡率显著高于正常体重儿 ,应采取干预措施。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of live births and the incidence of low birth weight infants in the country. Methods Stratified sampling was used to survey the birth weights of 16 live births, 28 counties in 11 provinces of China and all live births ≥28 weeks of gestation born in July-October 1998. Results A total of 22 35 live births (115 84 males and 10 76 6 females) were examined. Fetal and preterm birth rates were 18% and 35% respectively. The prevalence rates of urban, rural and national weighted low birth weight children were 42.0%, 62.6% and 577% respectively. Of the low birth weight children, 61.2% were term infants (≥ 37 weeks) and 71.6% in rural areas. The average birth weight of urban and rural live births was 3301g and 3225g respectively, and the urban area was significantly higher than that in rural areas. The average birth weight of live births for boys and girls were 32 80g and 3173g, respectively, close to the mean birth weight recommended by the WHO. The average birth weight of live births in coastal, inland and remote areas showed a gradual downward trend. The rates of early neonatal mortality in low birth weight children were 500 per thousand in urban areas, 179 4 per thousand in rural areas and 15 1 5 per thousand in the country, significantly higher than those of normal birth weight infants. Conclusions The average birth weight and low birth weight of live births in China are similar to those in developed countries, but there are significant differences between regions. Low birth weight is mainly due to intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight children early neonatal mortality was significantly higher than normal weight children, interventions should be taken.