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摘要:《英语课程标准》指出:“新课程改革就是要改变英语课堂教学过程过度重视语法和词汇的讲解与传授,忽视了对学生语言运用能力的培养,强调课程从学生的兴趣爱好、生活经验和认知水平为出发点,提倡亲身体验、共同实践和合作交流的学习方法。
关键词:英语教学;合作学习;实施策略
中图分类号:G632.0 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1992-7711(2017)06-0090
在阅读课上采用小组合作教学法能使学生体验阅读过程,掌握阅读技巧,并最终获得语言运用能力。下面,笔者以教授人教版高中英语必修3 Unit 1 Festivals and celebrations为例,进行具体实施。
一、读前的合作学习(Warming-up and Pre-reading)
Warming Up和Pre-reading在单元教学中起引领作用,放在每个单元的第一课时。对该单元主题的学习起到热身的作用,通过设计任务等形式使学生对该主题形成初步的了解,向学生介绍与该主题相关的语言知识和文化背景,可以对接下来其他板块的学习起到抛砖引玉的作用。虽然它仅占英语课堂教学的一部分,却发挥至关重要的作用。例如,在讲授人教版高一必修三第一单元阅读课Festivals and celebrations这篇课文时,教师在读前先让学生小组讨论本节话题,利用一些新年的图片引出“festival”的话题,预测文中要谈到的内容,能降低阅读难度,为后面的阅读环节和讨论环节做好铺垫。
1. Show the students some pictures about different celebrations in different festivals. And let them talk about the pictures with each other.
2. Fill in the chart:
As is known to us all, different countries have different festivals. Before you read the passage, please work in groups and list at least three Chinese festivals that you know. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time.
3. Discussion:
Which one is your favorite and why?
4. Predict what will be mentioned in the passage:
教師让学生进行小组讨论,每小组的记录员记录组员的讨论情况。记录完后读给组内其他组员听,组员对讨论情况进行改进和完善,然后由每个小组的发言人作为代表在班上交流,教师对讨论结果做出客观评价。
二、阅读过程中的合作学习(Reading)
在这一阶段,教师要重视培养学生的阅读能力,可先让学生带着问题快速浏览一遍文章,对阅读材料有一个大致的了解。然后,再让学生根据教师设计好的阅读任务精读每一段,达到对每一段的透彻理解。接下来,让学生进行小组讨论,讨论文章的中心及难点。教师可以在课前设计以下问题:
Step2. Listening and Fast reading
(一)Listening
Listen to the tape and tick out the topics that the author covered in the?
passage:
1. Spring Festivals 2.Obon 3. Qu Yuan 4.Easter
5.Thanksgiving Day 6. Qi Qiao Festival 7.Mother’s Day
(二)Skim the reading passage and then fill in the following chart.
Kinds of Festivals Names of Festivals Countries
Festivals of the Dead
Festivals to Honor People
Harvest Festivals
Spring Festivals
(三)Read the passage quickly and finish the True or False exercises below.
1. All ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.( )
2. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. ( )
3. The Dragon Boat Festival is held to honor the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. ( )
4. Both China and Japan have Mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. ( ) 5. Spring Festivals are the most important ones in the world.( )
Step3. Careful reading
(一)Find out the main idea of each paragraph:
(二)Read the passage carefully again and answer the following questions:
1. What would the most ancient festivals celebrate?
2. Why did ancient people celebrate when they had food?
3. How is the festival Obon celebrated in Japan?
4. What is the origin of Halloween?
5. Whom does the Dragon Boat Festival in China honor?
6. What do the Harvest Festivals in China and Japan admire?
7. What are the most energetic and important festivals?
8. How do Chinese people celebrate the Spring Festival?
9. What does the Easter celebrate?
等学生阅读完之后,教师组织各小组之间进行讨论,也可采用生生讨论、结对讨论等形式。这样课堂上既有师生之间的纵向交流,也有生生之间的横向交流,通过全员参与,踊跃发言,加大了英语信息的输入量,增强了学生的学习兴趣。
三、阅读完成之后的合作学习(Post-reading)
这一阶段学生已经初步掌握了文章的脈络,教师可根据文章的内容提出更深层次的问题并组织学生在小组内进行讨论、交流,帮助学生扩展已经学过的知识,进一步深化对文章的理解。比如让学生讨论:
My Favourite Festival:What is your favourite festival? Why?When is it?
What is the festival about?
How long can you have for holiday?
What do you usually do in the festival?
Suggested expressions:I like... festival best.
It is celebrated on... to remember/ in memory of...
It usually lasts... days. People do...
每个小组的成员在阅读后对课后练习进行处理并进行讨论,教师也可以组织学生对课文有关的活动进行场景模拟,以此激发学生的学习兴趣。首先,教师可以组织课文复述。教师让学生根据文章中的关键字和主题句来复述课文的相关内容,让学生快速地掌握文章中的新单词。其次,进行角色扮演。让合作学生中的小组成员互相合作,将文章中的场景进行再现,并可以根据自己的理解加入一些场景。这是比较生动的学习方法,学生可以在轻松的氛围中学习,同时也可以提高学生组织语言的能力,并快速掌握新词汇和语法知识,提高学生的能力。同时,场景再现也可以培养学生独立学习的能力,提高学生的独立性。
总之,在阅读教学中采用小组合作学习的方式,形成了师生、生生之间全方位、多层次、多角度的交流模式,从而有效地提高教学质量。
注:本文系陕西省教育科学规划课题 新课程理念下学生合作学习模式研究 SGH16B049。
(作者单位:陕西省咸阳师范学院附属中学 712000)
关键词:英语教学;合作学习;实施策略
中图分类号:G632.0 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1992-7711(2017)06-0090
在阅读课上采用小组合作教学法能使学生体验阅读过程,掌握阅读技巧,并最终获得语言运用能力。下面,笔者以教授人教版高中英语必修3 Unit 1 Festivals and celebrations为例,进行具体实施。
一、读前的合作学习(Warming-up and Pre-reading)
Warming Up和Pre-reading在单元教学中起引领作用,放在每个单元的第一课时。对该单元主题的学习起到热身的作用,通过设计任务等形式使学生对该主题形成初步的了解,向学生介绍与该主题相关的语言知识和文化背景,可以对接下来其他板块的学习起到抛砖引玉的作用。虽然它仅占英语课堂教学的一部分,却发挥至关重要的作用。例如,在讲授人教版高一必修三第一单元阅读课Festivals and celebrations这篇课文时,教师在读前先让学生小组讨论本节话题,利用一些新年的图片引出“festival”的话题,预测文中要谈到的内容,能降低阅读难度,为后面的阅读环节和讨论环节做好铺垫。
1. Show the students some pictures about different celebrations in different festivals. And let them talk about the pictures with each other.
2. Fill in the chart:
As is known to us all, different countries have different festivals. Before you read the passage, please work in groups and list at least three Chinese festivals that you know. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time.
3. Discussion:
Which one is your favorite and why?
4. Predict what will be mentioned in the passage:
教師让学生进行小组讨论,每小组的记录员记录组员的讨论情况。记录完后读给组内其他组员听,组员对讨论情况进行改进和完善,然后由每个小组的发言人作为代表在班上交流,教师对讨论结果做出客观评价。
二、阅读过程中的合作学习(Reading)
在这一阶段,教师要重视培养学生的阅读能力,可先让学生带着问题快速浏览一遍文章,对阅读材料有一个大致的了解。然后,再让学生根据教师设计好的阅读任务精读每一段,达到对每一段的透彻理解。接下来,让学生进行小组讨论,讨论文章的中心及难点。教师可以在课前设计以下问题:
Step2. Listening and Fast reading
(一)Listening
Listen to the tape and tick out the topics that the author covered in the?
passage:
1. Spring Festivals 2.Obon 3. Qu Yuan 4.Easter
5.Thanksgiving Day 6. Qi Qiao Festival 7.Mother’s Day
(二)Skim the reading passage and then fill in the following chart.
Kinds of Festivals Names of Festivals Countries
Festivals of the Dead
Festivals to Honor People
Harvest Festivals
Spring Festivals
(三)Read the passage quickly and finish the True or False exercises below.
1. All ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.( )
2. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. ( )
3. The Dragon Boat Festival is held to honor the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. ( )
4. Both China and Japan have Mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. ( ) 5. Spring Festivals are the most important ones in the world.( )
Step3. Careful reading
(一)Find out the main idea of each paragraph:
(二)Read the passage carefully again and answer the following questions:
1. What would the most ancient festivals celebrate?
2. Why did ancient people celebrate when they had food?
3. How is the festival Obon celebrated in Japan?
4. What is the origin of Halloween?
5. Whom does the Dragon Boat Festival in China honor?
6. What do the Harvest Festivals in China and Japan admire?
7. What are the most energetic and important festivals?
8. How do Chinese people celebrate the Spring Festival?
9. What does the Easter celebrate?
等学生阅读完之后,教师组织各小组之间进行讨论,也可采用生生讨论、结对讨论等形式。这样课堂上既有师生之间的纵向交流,也有生生之间的横向交流,通过全员参与,踊跃发言,加大了英语信息的输入量,增强了学生的学习兴趣。
三、阅读完成之后的合作学习(Post-reading)
这一阶段学生已经初步掌握了文章的脈络,教师可根据文章的内容提出更深层次的问题并组织学生在小组内进行讨论、交流,帮助学生扩展已经学过的知识,进一步深化对文章的理解。比如让学生讨论:
My Favourite Festival:What is your favourite festival? Why?When is it?
What is the festival about?
How long can you have for holiday?
What do you usually do in the festival?
Suggested expressions:I like... festival best.
It is celebrated on... to remember/ in memory of...
It usually lasts... days. People do...
每个小组的成员在阅读后对课后练习进行处理并进行讨论,教师也可以组织学生对课文有关的活动进行场景模拟,以此激发学生的学习兴趣。首先,教师可以组织课文复述。教师让学生根据文章中的关键字和主题句来复述课文的相关内容,让学生快速地掌握文章中的新单词。其次,进行角色扮演。让合作学生中的小组成员互相合作,将文章中的场景进行再现,并可以根据自己的理解加入一些场景。这是比较生动的学习方法,学生可以在轻松的氛围中学习,同时也可以提高学生组织语言的能力,并快速掌握新词汇和语法知识,提高学生的能力。同时,场景再现也可以培养学生独立学习的能力,提高学生的独立性。
总之,在阅读教学中采用小组合作学习的方式,形成了师生、生生之间全方位、多层次、多角度的交流模式,从而有效地提高教学质量。
注:本文系陕西省教育科学规划课题 新课程理念下学生合作学习模式研究 SGH16B049。
(作者单位:陕西省咸阳师范学院附属中学 712000)