对资本主义进行理论的和实践的批判,是马克思持续一生的理论活动中轴,但作为批判之武器的思想或理论范式却并非恒定不变的,而是有过几次重大的变化。如何理解这些变化,是马克思思想发展史研究的关键性问题,而对此问题的不同理解,则事实上构成了对马克思思想阐释的不同范式。这当中,尤为重要的是如何理解英国古典政治经济学或一般而言古典政治经济学(包括法国的重农学派)对于马克思思想的影响。是像传统的说法那样, The theoretical and practical critique of capitalism is the central axis of Marx’s theoretical activity throughout his life. However, his thought or theoretical paradigm as a weapon of criticism is not constant, but has undergone several major changes. How to understand these changes is a key issue in the study of the history of the development of Marx’s thought. The different comprehension of this question actually constitutes a different paradigm for the interpretation of Marx’s thought. Of these, it is especially important to understand how British classical political economy or, in general, classical political economy (including the French agribusiness) affects Marx’s thinking. As the traditional saying goes,