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目的 探讨呼吸系统疾病住院患者发生真菌感染的特点,为临床真菌感染的预防和治疗提供依据。方法 对3年中631例住院的呼吸系统疾病患者取痰液标本进行真菌培养,并对其结果进行分析。结果 631例呼吸系统疾病患者发生真菌感染144例(22.8％)。1999年、2000年、2001年真菌感染的发生率分别为15.9％(32/201)、21.5％(42/195)、29.8％(70/235)。不同病种患者的真菌感染发生率依次为:肺肿瘤40.7％(37/91),慢性支气管炎36.8％(61/166),肺源性心脏病22.1％(23/104),肺气肿19.2％(14/73),肺炎4.6％(9/197)。感染真菌种类分别为:白色念珠菌99例(占68.8％),热带念珠菌18例(占12.5％),平滑念珠菌16例(占11.1％),克柔念珠菌6例(占4.2％),曲霉菌5例(占3.5％)。结论 呼吸系统疾病住院患者发生真菌感染的比率逐年增长,白色念珠菌是其主要致病菌种。
Objective To investigate the characteristics of fungal infections in hospitalized patients with respiratory diseases and provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of clinical fungal infections. Methods The sputum samples from 631 hospitalized patients with respiratory diseases in 3 years were collected for fungal culture and the results were analyzed. Results Sixty-three cases (22.8%) of fungal infections occurred in 631 patients with respiratory diseases. The incidences of fungal infections in 1999, 2000 and 2001 were 15.9% (32/201), 21.5% (42/195) and 29.8% (70/235), respectively. The incidences of fungal infections in different diseases were as follows: lung cancer 40.7% (37/91), chronic bronchitis 36.8% (61/166), pulmonary heart disease 22.1% (23/104), emphysema 19.2 % (14/73), pneumonia 4.6% (9/197). Candida species was 99 (68.8%), Candida tropicalis (12.5%), Candida parapsilosis was 16 (11.1%), Candida krusei was 6 (4.2%), , Aspergillus in 5 cases (3.5%). Conclusion The prevalence of fungal infections in hospitalized patients with respiratory diseases is increasing year by year. Candida albicans is the major pathogen.