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目的探讨孕期个体化膳食指导,对体重指数正常孕妇妊娠结局及新生儿结局的影响。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法,分析2013年1月-2014年8月在乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院定期产检并结束分娩的体重指数正常孕妇1 490名,比较营养干预组(n=711)与对照组(n=779)孕妇的妊娠结局。结果①孕妇妊娠结局:干预组的剖宫产率、妊娠糖尿病发生率、及子痫前期轻度、重度发生率均小于对照组(38.0%vs.53.7%;11.7%vs.15.9%;7.5%vs.13.5%;1.5%vs.3.2%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②新生儿结局:干预组新生儿Apgar评分高于对照组(9.71±0.64 vs.9.53±0.94);干预组低出生体重儿、巨大儿发生率及早产、胎儿窘迫发生率低于对照组(1.8%vs.5.0%;4.4%vs.8.3%;8.7%vs.13.4%;4.8%vs.8.7%)差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对体重指数正常的孕妇给予妊娠期个体化膳食干预,可以有效改善不良妊娠结局的发生,提高了新生儿的出生质量。
Objective To investigate the effects of individualized dietary guidance during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome and neonatal outcomes in normal pregnant women with body mass index. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the prevalence of 1 490 normal pregnant women with body mass index (MIF) in the maternal and child health-care center of Urumqi from January 2013 to August 2014. The nutritional intervention group (n = 711) and the control group (n = 779) pregnant women’s pregnancy outcome. Results ① The pregnancy outcome of pregnant women: The incidence of cesarean section, the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and the mild and severe preeclampsia in the intervention group were less than those in the control group (38.0% vs.53.7%, 11.7% vs.15.9%, 7.5% vs.13.5%; 1.5% vs.3.2%), the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). (2) Neonatal outcome: Apgar score in intervention group was significantly higher than that in control group (9.71 ± 0.64 vs.9.53 ± 0.94); The incidence of low birth weight, huge macrosomia, premature birth and fetal distress in intervention group was lower than that in control group (1.8 % vs.5.0%; 4.4% vs.8.3%; 8.7% vs.13.4%; 4.8% vs.8.7%, respectively) were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Individualized pregnant women with normal body mass index may have better individualized pregnancy interventions, which can effectively improve the outcome of adverse pregnancy and improve the birth quality of newborns.