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我国是食管癌高发国家。食管癌精准筛查和早期诊断是精准治疗的前提和关键，也是改善食管癌预后的有效措施。高危群体的重点筛查与机会性个体筛查相结合的模式，内镜辅以碘染色及指示性活检的方法，是现阶段筛查早期食管癌较为可行的策略和适用有效的方法。人工智能和分子生物学技术的研究方向具有发展前景。“,”China is a country with high incidence of esophageal cancer. Precision screening and early diagnosis of esophageal cancer is the premise and key of precise treatment, and also an effective measure to improve the prognosis of esophageal cancer; The mode of combining key screening of high risk groups with screening of opportunistic individual, endoscopy assisted with iodine staining and indicative biopsy is feasible strategy and effective method to screen early esophageal cancer in the stage. Artificial intelligence and molecular biology technology is the research direction and has the development prospect.