现代科学技术对材料提出了更多、更高的要求。例如,能源技术需要耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐辐射的材料;空间技术需要耐高温、耐热流冲刷、耐超低温和比强度高的材料;海洋开发需要耐高压、耐腐蚀的材料等。这些新技术的进步无不依赖于各种材料发挥其特有功能和效用。然而,对材料性能的要求往往并不是对 Modern science and technology put forward more and higher requirements on materials. For example, energy technologies require materials that are resistant to high temperature, corrosion and radiation; space technologies require materials that are resistant to high temperature and heat flux, ultra-low temperature and high specific strength; and marine development that requires high pressure and corrosion resistant materials. The advances of these new technologies all rely on various materials for their unique functions and utility. However, the material performance requirements are often not right