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针对废弃铁基金刚石刀具现行处理工艺中存在的有价金属回收率低、环境污染重等问题,研究并提出了基于隔膜电沉积法的处理新工艺。结果表明:在温度50℃、氧化剂过量系数1.3、HCl浓度4mol/L、液固体积质量比8:1、浸出时间6 h条件下,以FeCl_3为氧化浸出剂,可以将废金刚石刀具铁质胎体材料完全溶解,金刚石回收率100%。对滤液进行隔膜电积处理,在阴极电流密度300 A/m~2、阴极液中Fe~(2+)质量浓度60 g/L、阴极液pH=3、温度35℃条件下,可以得到平整、致密的阴极铁板,阴极电流效率98.42%,阳极电流效率91.98%;在此条件下进行综合验证试验及24 h连续电积试验,得到平整、致密的阴极铁板,其中铁质量分数为98.901%,锡、锌、镍质量分数分别为0.420%、0.470%.0.055%,属于一种铁合金产品,可用作超低碳钢原料。电积过程中阳极再生的FeCl_3溶液可作为氧化剂返回浸出使用,实现流程的闭路循环。
Aiming at the problems of low recovery of valuable metals and heavy environmental pollution in the current treatment process of discarded iron-based diamond tools, a new treatment process based on diaphragm electrodeposition is proposed and put forward. The results show that under the condition of the temperature 50 ℃, the excess coefficient of oxidant 1.3, the concentration of HCl 4mol / L, the mass ratio of liquid to solid 8: 1 and the leaching time 6 h, FeCl_3 is the oxidant leaching agent, Body material is completely dissolved, diamond recovery rate of 100%. The membrane electrodeposition treatment, the cathode current density of 300 A / m ~ 2, Fe ~ (2+) concentration in the catholyte of 60 g / L, the catholyte pH = 3, the temperature 35 ℃ conditions, can be flat , Dense cathode iron plate, the cathode current efficiency of 98.42%, the anode current efficiency of 91.98%; under the conditions of a comprehensive verification test and 24 h continuous electrowinning test to obtain a smooth, dense cathode iron plate, wherein the iron mass fraction of 98.901 %, The mass fraction of tin, zinc and nickel are respectively 0.420% and 0.470% .0.055%, belongs to a ferroalloy product and can be used as an ultra-low carbon steel raw material. During the electrowinning process, the regenerated FeCl_3 solution can be used as the oxidant to return and leach to realize the closed-circuit circulation of the process.