现代管理@郑士贵在讨论管理有效性之前．必须注意包括人类活动各个领域的有效性的一般概念。这种途径不仅是由于方法论考虑．而且还由于上述一般概念暂时还缺乏一致的解释所决定的。从字面上看，”有效的”意味着效能、成果和生产率。一般地说．有某种结果的任何相互作用都具有 Modern Management @ Zheng Shigui Before discussing the effectiveness of management. Attention must be given to the general concept that includes the validity of all areas of human activity. This approach is not only due to methodological considerations. But also because of the temporary lack of consistent interpretation of the above general concepts. Literally, “effective” means performance, achievement, and productivity. Generally speaking. Any interaction that has some result has it