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目的 探讨miR-31在哮喘患儿及哮喘小鼠中的表达及其对气道炎症的作用.方法 应用real-time PCR方法检测哮喘患儿和健康儿童痰液,以及卵清蛋白诱导的哮喘小鼠和正常小鼠肺组织中miR-31的表达;化学合成miR-31模拟物与阴性对照,并分别鼻滴至哮喘小鼠,HE染色验证哮喘小鼠模型的成功建立,免疫荧光方法和Western blot方法检测各组小鼠肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)与白介素-6 (IL-6)的蛋白表达.结果与对照组相比,哮喘患儿痰液及哮喘小鼠肺组织中miR-31表达显著升高(P＜0.01).HE染色显示哮喘模型组小鼠炎症细胞浸润明显高于正常对照组,哮喘小鼠模型成功建立.miR-31模拟物滴入后,哮喘小鼠肺组织TNF-α与IL-6的蛋白表达显著升高(P＜0.01).结论 miR-31在支气管哮喘患儿及支气管哮喘小鼠模型中高表达,miR-31模拟物能够上调哮喘小鼠的气道炎症.“,”Objective To investigate the expression of miR-31 in the asthmatic children and asthmatic mice and its effects on the airway inflammation.Methods The expression of miR-31 in the sputum of the asthmatic and healthy children,in lung tissue of ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice and normal mice was detected by real-time PCR.MiR-31 mimics and negative controls were chemically synthesized,and administered to nasal cavity of the asthmatic mice respectively.HE staining was used to verify the establishment of the mouse asthmatic model successfully,the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-oα (TNF-α)and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,the level of miR-31 in sputum of children with asthma and in lung tissue of asthmatic mice was significantly increased(P＜0.01).The infiltration inflammatory cells in lung tissues of mice were significantly higher in the asthmatic group than in control,the asthmatic mouse model was successfully established.The expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in lung tissue were decreased significantly in the asthmatic mice than in miR-31 mimics(P＜0.01).Conclusion The level of miR-31 was upregulated in the asthmatic children and asthmatic mice,and miR-31 mimics could up-regulate airway inflammation of asthmatic mice.