一、历史背景1764年,英国作家贺拉斯·瓦尔普的《奥特龙多堡》问世,这本小说也标志着哥特小说(gothic fiction)作为一种文学体裁的诞生。纵然饱受争议,这种新的文学体裁还是在英国迅速发展起来,并涌现出了《乌多芙堡之谜》(1794)、《僧人》(1796)和《意大利人》(1797)等一系列哥特小说中的典范。1798年,正值英国哥特小说发展的鼎盛时期,美国作家查理 I. Historical Background In 1764, the authour of Horace Valpay, the British writer, was published. The novel also marks the birth of the gothic fiction as a literary genre. Despite the controversy, this new literary genre developed rapidly in Britain and emerged such as the mystery of Waduvenburg (1794), the monks (1796) and the Italians (1797) A series of Gothic novels in the model. In 1798, coincided with the heyday of the development of the British Gothic novel, American writer Charlie