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目的掌握陶瓷行业粉尘特性和陶工尘肺发病情况,探索尘肺早期诊断指标。方法对陶瓷粉尘总尘浓度、粉尘分散度和游离二氧化硅(SiO2)含量进行测定,并对4家陶瓷企业的接尘组作业工人和对照组进行陶工尘肺诊断,肺功能测定和血清铜蓝蛋白(CP)的测定。结果陶瓷企业工作场所短时间接触浓度平均为4.6mg/m3,最高达54.7mg/m3,游离SiO2含量高达(61.8±13.1)%,粒径5μm以下粉尘基本占90%以上,陶工尘肺患病率1.24%,肺功能各指标在接尘组和对照组之间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),血清CP在接尘组和对照组之间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),但长工龄组(>0.5年)高于短工龄组(≤0.5年,P<0.05)。结论陶瓷行业工作场所粉尘以呼吸性粉尘为主,由于浓度和游离SiO2含量较高,极易导致尘肺病发生。
Objective To master the dust characteristics of ceramic industry and the incidence of pneumoconiosis in potters, and to explore the early diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. Methods The total dust concentration, the dispersity of dust and the content of free silica (SiO2) of the ceramic dust were measured. The workers in the dust collecting group and the control group of 4 ceramic enterprises were diagnosed as ceramic workers pneumoconiosis, lung function test and serum copper blue Determination of protein (CP). Results The concentration of short-term exposure to ceramics in the workplace was 4.6 mg / m 3, up to 54.7 mg / m 3, and the content of free SiO 2 was as high as (61.8 ± 13.1)%. The dust with diameter below 5 μm accounted for more than 90% 1.24% respectively. There was no significant difference in the indexes of lung function between the dust control group and the control group (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum CP between the dust control group and the control group (P> 0.05) The long-service group (> 0.5 year) was higher than the short-term group (≤ 0.5 year, P <0.05). Conclusion The dust in the workplace of the ceramics industry is mainly respiratory dust. Due to the high concentration of SiO2 and free SiO2, the pneumoconiosis can easily lead to pneumoconiosis.