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本文从土体结构、力学性质、水文地质条件和由工程活动所引起的地质环境变化等方面，分析了古河道区二元结构地层的粉细砂层深基坑开挖中易出现的岩土工程问题，如：地面下沉、流土、管涌、基坑边坡失稳和坑底隆起等，提出了设置合理降水、止水、回灌系统、构筑挡土止水设备、加强施工地质与检测工作等防治与解决问题的对策，并在南京某工程深基坑开挖中险情分析和处理措施中得以实践且收到较好的效果。
In this paper, the soil structure, mechanical properties, hydrogeological conditions and geological environment changes caused by engineering activities are analyzed in this paper. Engineering problems such as ground subsidence, soil and pipe flow, pit slope instability and pit bottom uplift are put forward, such as setting of proper precipitation, water stop and recharge system, construction of retaining water stop equipment, strengthening construction geology and Testing and other prevention and control measures to solve the problem of countermeasures, and in a project in Nanjing Deep Foundation Pit excavation risk analysis and treatment measures to practice and receive good results.