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社会科学研究两类对象,一类是个体及其信念、价值、选择与行动;另一类是国家、企业、法律、文化等社会建制或社会现象。反思社会与个体这两个不同层级现象之间的关系是还原论研究的基本旨趣。文章从本体论、认识论和方法论三个维度出发,通过考察还原论与整体论之间的核心争论,阐述还原论在社会科学中的适用范围,揭示其对于社会科学研究的重要意义。
Social sciences study two types of objects, one is the individual and its beliefs, values, choices and actions; the other is the social construction or social phenomena of the state, enterprises, laws and cultures. The reflection of the relationship between the two different levels of society and individual phenomena is the basic purpose of reductionism research. Starting from the three dimensions of ontology, epistemology and methodology, this essay expounds the significance of reductionism in social science by examining the core argument between reductionism and holism and revealing its significance for social science research.