[目的]对荸荠杂交育种方法开展进一步探索。[方法]通过显微观察掌握人工辅助授粉和比较荸荠在人工辅助授粉和自然条件下结子情况,并对其进行分析研究。[结果]同一花茎的花序雌、雄蕊分别在花茎约长到37.0和46.9 cm时达到盛期,两者平均高度差为9.84cm,时差约达到28.5 h;上午9:00~11:00是进行人工辅助授粉的最佳时段,授粉成功的雌蕊大约7 h迅速萎蔫;通过人工辅助授粉的结子率明显高于自然条件下的结子率,人工辅助授粉的结子率为43%,自然条件下的结子率为15.5%。[结论]荸荠两性花的特性和雌、雄蕊生长及盛期均存在时间差,成为荸荠能够开展人工辅助授粉的关键因素。 [Objective] The research aimed to further explore the hybrid breeding methods of water chestnut. [Method] Artificial pollination assisted by microscopic observation and comparison of water chestnuts with artificial pollination and natural conditions were analyzed and studied. [Result] The female inflorescences and stamens of inflorescences reached the peak when the stems were about 37.0 and 46.9 cm in length, respectively. The average height difference between the two was 9.84 cm and the time difference was about 28.5 h. From 9:00 to 11:00 am Artificial pollination of the best time, the success of pollination pistil rapid wilt about 7 h; by artificially assisted pollination knot rate was significantly higher than the natural conditions of the knot rate, artificially assisted pollination of the knot rate was 43% under natural conditions knot The rate is 15.5%. [Conclusion] The characteristics of hermaphrodite flower and the time difference between the female and stamen growth and the peak time existed, which became the key factor for the artificial pollination of water chestnut.