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目的分析2002-2010年住院儿童主要死因及其变化趋势,为制定有效的干预措施、降低儿童的死亡率提供依据。方法对湖南省儿童医院2002-2010年住院的227 078例中793例死亡病例进行回顾性统计分析。结果 2002-2010年住院儿童死亡率呈逐年下降趋势;住院男女死亡之比为2.18:1;农村与城市之比为3.89:1;婴儿期死亡率最高,占住院儿童死亡总人数的64.56%,其中29 d~1岁37.83%,新生儿期26.73%;主要死因位于前5位的疾病是:感染性疾病、新生儿疾病、先天异常、肿瘤、意外伤害;不同年龄组儿童死亡的主要原因不同。结论降低儿童病死率的关键是预防感染性疾病、加强围生期保健、加强孕前指导及孕期体检,重视环境因素对儿童健康的影响、重视意外伤害的防治,尤其应加强婴幼儿期及农村地区的医疗保健工作。
Objective To analyze the main causes of death and changes of inpatients from 2002 to 2010 in order to provide evidences for effective interventions and reduction of child mortality. Methods A retrospective statistical analysis of 793 deaths among 227 078 hospitalized in Hunan Children’s Hospital from 2002 to 2010 was conducted. Results The mortality rate of hospitalized children was declining year by year from 2002 to 2010. The ratio of male to female hospitalization was 2.18: 1. The ratio of rural to urban was 3.89: 1. The highest infant mortality rate accounted for 64.56% of the total number of hospitalized children, Among them, 37.83% were aged from 29 to 1 year and 26.73% were newborns. The diseases with the leading causes of death were infectious diseases, neonatal diseases, congenital anomalies, tumors and accidental injuries. The main causes of death among children of different ages were different . Conclusion The key to reducing the mortality rate of children is to prevent infectious diseases, strengthen perinatal care, strengthen prenatal guidance and pregnancy check-ups, pay attention to the impact of environmental factors on children’s health, pay attention to the prevention and treatment of accidental injuries, especially infants and young children and rural areas Health care work.