定义心包疾患,无论发生在慢性肾功能衰竭,还是出现在长期透析患者,对病人及医生都是灾难性的。传统上将肾功能衰竭时的心包炎分为尿毒症性心包炎及透析相关性心包炎。前者临床特点是胸痛,低热及心包摩擦音。病理学特点是心包表面纤维蛋白性或浆液纤维蛋白性改变。在尿毒症中的发生率在0.5％～44％之间。超声心动图的出现使诊断方法更加可靠,报道透析前即有心包积液或心包增厚者已高达50％～60％。最近的研究已经明确,超声心动图有心包积液者,仅有少数患者有临床症状,因此仅凭临床观察诊断心包炎,其比例将偏低;另一方面,晚近的研究也指出,超声心动图也 The definition of pericardial disease, whether it occurs in chronic renal failure or in long-term dialysis patients, is catastrophic to both the patient and the physician. Traditionally, pericarditis at renal failure is divided into uremic pericarditis and dialysis-related pericarditis. The former clinical features are chest pain, fever and pericardial friction sound. Pathological features of the pericardial surface fibrinogen or plasma fibrinogen changes. The incidence of uremia in the 0.5% to 44%. The emergence of echocardiography diagnostic methods to make more reliable, reported before dialysis that pericardial effusion or pericardial thickening has been as high as 50% to 60%. Recent studies have identified that echocardiography has pericardial effusion, only a few patients have clinical symptoms, so clinical diagnosis of pericarditis, the proportion will be low; the other hand, recent studies have pointed out that echocardiography Figure too