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[目的]为研制防治蔬菜灰霉病的新型生物农药,进行高效生防菌的分离筛选及抑菌特性研究。[方法]通过形态学、生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析,对拮抗菌进行鉴定;采用平板扩散法测定发酵液的抑菌特性。[结果]分离筛选出1株对黄瓜灰霉病具有高效拮抗作用解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens);该菌株在生长对数期产生抗菌物质,并在30-38 h达到最大值;产生的抗菌物质有很好的热、酸碱稳定性,紫外线照射不敏感,常温储存6个月活性保持在80%以上;抗菌谱测定表明其对黄瓜灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、番茄叶霉病菌(Fulvia fulva)、黄瓜炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum orbiculare)、番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)等多种病原菌具有显著抑菌效果。[结论]该菌株所产抗菌物质性能稳定,抗菌谱宽,抑菌力强,具有开发成新型广谱生物农药的潜力。
[Objective] The research aimed to develop a new type of biological pesticide for controlling Botrytis cinerea, and to study the isolation, screening and antibacterial properties of the strain. [Method] Antagonistic bacteria were identified by morphological, physiological and biochemical analyzes and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The antibacterial properties of the fermentation broth were determined by plate diffusion method. [Result] A strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with high antagonistic activity against Botrytis cinerea was isolated and screened. The strain produced antimicrobial substance in the logarithmic phase of growth and reached the maximum value in 30-38 h. The antibacterial activity The substance has good heat, acid-base stability, insensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, and the activity remained above 80% after storage for 6 months at room temperature. The antibacterial spectrum showed that it had good activity on Botrytis cinerea, Fulvia fulva, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Alternaria solani and other pathogens. [Conclusion] The antibacterial substance produced by this strain was stable in performance, broad in antibacterial spectrum and strong in bacteriostasis and possessed the potential of developing into a new broad-spectrum biological pesticide.