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俄罗斯全称俄罗斯联邦,它是1991年12月以后由原来的苏维埃社会主义国家联盟中“俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义联邦共和国”更名而来。俄罗斯实行三权分立,司法权由法院行使,其他参与司法活动的机关,如司法部、内务部、检察院、联邦安全局、联邦保卫局、联邦边防局、对外情报局、国家海关委员会、联邦税务警察局以及律师组织等统称为“护法机关”。检察机关作为一种特殊的国家机关,与法院的关系密切。由于目前俄罗斯的司法制度正处于改革与完善之中,许多重要的司法制度和司法原则还没有定型。
Russia is the full name of the Russian Federation, which was renamed from the “Union of Soviet Socialist Federal States of Russia” in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics after December 1991. Russia implements the separation of powers, the judicial power is exercised by the courts, and other organs that participate in judicial activities, such as the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Procuratorate, the Federal Security Service, the Federal Security Service, the Federal Border Service, the Foreign Intelligence Service, the State Customs Service, Police stations and lawyers organizations collectively referred to as “law enforcement agencies.” As a special state organ, procuratorial organs have close relations with the courts. Due to the current reform and improvement of the judicial system in Russia, many important judicial systems and judicial principles have not yet been finalized.