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目的了解我国医疗机构职业环境放射污染水平,了解医疗行业在不同省市、不同工种职业性辐射状况;为增强放射医务人员辐射防护意识,制定放射防护措施提供科学依据。方法通过中国知网、万方、维普等数据库检索2010—2013年有关医疗放射单位辐射监督监测的文献,对其结果进行整理分析。结果统计的上海、福建、江苏等地区的医疗机构的辐射监测均是合格的,合格率多在90%以上;但河南安阳地区的合格率为64%;2010—2013年“年均个人有效剂量”平均值(m Sv/a)分别为:0.67、0.87、0.38、0.56,4年总体平均值为0.70;从时间分布看,医务人员职业照射“年均个人有效剂量”没有随时间减少的趋势;从工种看,从事诊断放射学和介入放射学人员暴露剂量最高。结论我国医疗放射机构辐射合格率比较高,医务放射工作人员职业性外照射剂量超过国家标准(5m Sv/a)的人数比较少,比例比较低,多为个别人员发生;放射工种中应以诊断放射学和介入放射学全面防护为重点。
Objective To understand the radiation pollution level of occupational environment in medical institutions in our country, to understand the occupational radiation status of medical profession in different provinces and cities and different occupations, and to provide scientific basis for enhancing radiological protection consciousness of radiation medical staff and formulating radiation protection measures. Methods The databases of 2010-2013 radiation monitoring surveillance of medical radiology units were retrieved from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang and Vip, and the results were analyzed. Results The radiation monitoring of medical institutions in Shanghai, Fujian and Jiangsu provinces were all qualified, with a pass rate of more than 90%; but the pass rate of Anyang in Henan Province was 64%; and the average annual average personal effective in 2010-2013 The mean “m sv / a” was 0.67, 0.87, 0.38 and 0.56, respectively. The overall average for 4 years was 0.70. From the time distribution, the occupational exposure of medical staff was not related to the average effective daily dose Time reduction trend; from the type of work, engage in diagnostic radiology and interventional radiology personnel exposure to the highest dose. Conclusion The radiation qualified rate of medical radiological organizations in our country is relatively high. The number of occupational external radiation doses of medical radiation workers exceeds the national standard (5m Sv / a) is relatively small, the proportion is relatively low, mostly for individual personnel; the radiological workers should be diagnosed Radiology and interventional radiology focus on comprehensive protection.