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目的监测深圳部分海域贝类重金属污染情况,评估人群食用风险。方法 2015—2016年连续两年,每月在深圳东涌和珍珠岛海域采集九孔鲍、花蚧、青口、牡蛎和珍珠贝5种贝类。检测其Cu、Cd、Hg、Pb、As和IAs含量,分析金属含量在贝类品种、季节和监测地点的差异,以及评估人群膳食暴露量风险。结果牡蛎中Cu含量较高,为(31.079±28.699)mg/kg,Cd在珍珠贝中含量高于其他贝类品种,为(1.345±0.383)mg/kg,花蚧中Pb和As含量均较高,分别为(1.241±1.203)mg/kg,(2.965±1.202)mg/kg。综合污染指数可知,花蚧属于中度污染,牡蛎属于轻度污染,其他3种贝类处于无污染。Cu、Hg和As在贝类中含量随季节有一定变化。东涌海域重金属污染低于珍珠岛海域。本地居民贝类重金属膳食暴露量风险较低。结论深圳本地海域贝类重金属污染较低,食用相对安全。
Objective To monitor the heavy metal pollution in shellfish in some areas of Shenzhen and to assess the risk of food consumption in the population. Methods Five species of shellfish, abalone, scabies, green mouth, oyster and pearl oyster, were collected monthly from 2015 to 2016 for two consecutive years in Tung Chung and Pearl Island, Shenzhen. The contents of Cu, Cd, Hg, Pb, As and IAs were determined. The differences of metal content between shellfish varieties, seasons and monitoring sites were also analyzed. The risk of dietary exposure was also evaluated. Results The content of Cu in the oyster was (31.079 ± 28.699) mg / kg, the content of Cd in the pearl oyster was higher than that of other shellfish species (1.345 ± 0.383) mg / kg, and the content of Pb and As in the scale was high (1.241 ± 1.203) mg / kg and (2.965 ± 1.202) mg / kg, respectively. According to the comprehensive pollution index, the flower scale belongs to the moderate pollution, the oyster belongs to the light pollution, and the other three kinds of shellfish are non-polluting. The contents of Cu, Hg and As in shellfish vary with seasons. Heavy metal pollution in Tung Chung waters is lower than that in Pearl Island. Locals shellfish heavy metal dietary exposure lower risk. Conclusion The shellfish in Shenzhen local area have a relatively low level of heavy metal pollution and their consumption is relatively safe.