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有天然碱沉积的现代盐湖、盐沼,在我国内蒙、吉林、青海、新疆等地都有分布,在世界上也有著名的肯尼亚的马加迪碱湖、美国的西尔斯湖、埃及的瓦底纳特龙等。但古代天然碱矿床则极少,目前只发现两个:美国怀俄明州绿河天然碱矿(始新世)和我国的河南省吴城天然碱矿(始新世晚期)。天然碱矿是蒸发岩矿床,但其成因与岩盐、钾盐等其它盐类矿床又不完全相同。本文将介绍吴城天然碱矿床的若干地质特征,并探讨其较为特殊的成矿条件及沉积机理。
The modern salt lake and salt marsh with the deposition of trona are all distributed in Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Qinghai and Xinjiang in China. There are also the famous Makadi Lake in Kenya, Sears Lake in the United States, Nadine Dragon and so on. However, the ancient trona deposits are extremely rare, and only two are found at present: the Green River Tronoid Mine (Eocene) in Wyoming, the United States, and the Tacheng Homogenite Mine (late Eocene) in Henan Province, China. Trona mine is an evaporite deposit, but its origin is not the same as that of other salt deposits such as rock salt and potash. This article will introduce some of the geological features of the Wucheng trona bed and explore its more specific metallogenic conditions and depositional mechanisms.