ADSP-TS101 is a high performance DSP with good properties of parallel processing and high speed. According to the real-time processing requirements of underwater acoustic communication algorithms, a real-time parallel processing system with multi-channel synchronous sample, which is composed of multiple ADSP-TS101s, is designed and carried out.For the hardware design, field programmable gate array (FPGA) logical control is adopted for the design of multi-channel synchronous sample module and cluster/data flow associated pin connection mode is adopted for multiprocessing parallel processing configuration respectively. And the software is optimized by two kinds of communication ways: broadcast writing way through shared bus and point-to-point way through link ports. Through the whole system installation, connective debugging, and experiments in a lake, the results show that the real-time parallel processing system has good stability and real-time processing capability and meets the technical design requirements of real-time processing.