神经母细胞瘤（ｎｅｕｒｏｂｌａｓｔｏｍａ，ＮＢ）是起源于胚胎期神经嵴细胞的小儿常见恶性肿瘤。近来发现神经营养因子（ｎｅｕｒｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｃ　ｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＮＴＦ）及其受体在 ＮＢ细胞生长、分化及凋亡中有重要作用。本文综述了包括神经营养蛋白（ｎｅｕｒｏｔｒｏｐｈｉｎｓ，ＮＴｓ）和其它ＮＴＦ及其受体在ＮＢ中的特异性表达。ＮＴＦ及其受体信号转导途径的激活，在ＮＢ细胞存活、分化与侵袭力方面起着独特的生物学效应，从而影响ＮＢ的临床特点和预后。 Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common malignant tumor in children originating from embryonic neural crest cells. Recently, it has been found that neurotrophic factor (NTF) and its receptor play an important role in the growth, differentiation and apoptosis of NB cells. This article reviews the specific expression of neurotrophins (NTs) and other NTFs and their receptors in NB. The activation of NTF and its receptor signal transduction pathway plays a unique biological role in the survival, differentiation and invasiveness of NB cells, and thus affects the clinical features and prognosis of NB.