1引言海啸是一种海洋重力波,是由海底地震或诸如火山喷发、滑坡等其他地质运动引起的。大多数海啸是由浅源大地震引起的,所以沿板块俯冲带分布(图1)。Tsunami(海啸)一词是日语,表示港口波的意思。海啸通常很小,在深海几乎看不出来,但是当其接近海岸或海港时,就会变得很大,并造? 1 INTRODUCTION A tsunami is a type of ocean gravity wave caused by a seafloor earthquake or other geological movement such as a volcanic eruption, landslide and so on. Most tsunamis are caused by shallow earthquakes and are distributed along the plate subduction zone (Figure 1). Tsunami (tsunami) is the Japanese word, meaning the wave of the port. Tsunamis are usually small and almost invisible in the deep ocean, but when they approach the coast or harbor, they become large and create