论文部分内容阅读
目的了解大瑶山隧道的职业病危害现状,探讨职业病危害因素防护措施和防治对策。方法对大瑶山隧道进行职业卫生调查和工作场所职业病危害因素检测。结果隧道内的噪声为非稳态噪声,列车鸣笛时噪声显著升高均达到100 dB(A)以上。隧道工作人员8 h等效声级为89 dB(A),超过职业接触限值;隧道内二氧化氮(NO2)、二氧化硫(SO2)、一氧化碳(CO)短时间接触浓度(STEL)高于隧道口,但其时间加权平均浓度(TWA)及STEL均在职业接触限值以内;隧道内1 981.2 km处粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量为24.7%,属矽尘;隧道内总尘TWA为3.2 mg/m3,呼吸性粉尘TWA为2.1 mg/m3,均超过时间加权平均容许浓度(PC-TWA)和超限倍数的职业接触限值;隧道内的湿度均超过80%,隧道内空气污秽,细菌总数明显高于隧道口。结论有必要对大瑶山隧道加装机械通风装置,更换为整体道床,落实职业病防护措施,保障工作人员的个体防护和职业健康监护工作。
Objective To understand the current situation of occupational disease hazards in Dayaoshan Tunnel and to explore the protective measures and control measures of occupational hazards. Methods Occupational health survey and workplace occupational hazards were conducted in Dayaoshan Tunnel. As a result, the noise in the tunnel is unsteady noise, and the noise is significantly increased above 100 dB (A) when the train whistles. The 8-h equivalent sound level of tunnel workers was 89 dB (A), which exceeded the occupational exposure limit. The concentrations of NO2, SO2 and CO in the tunnel were higher than those in the tunnel But the TWA and STEL are all within the occupational exposure limit. The content of free silica in the dust at 1 981.2 km in the tunnel is 24.7%, which is silica dust. The TWA in the tunnel is 3.2 mg / m3 and TWA of respirable dust was 2.1 mg / m3, both of which exceeded the occupational exposure limits of time-weighted average allowable concentration (PC-TWA) and over-limit multiples; the humidity in tunnels exceeded 80% The total number was significantly higher than the tunnel entrance. Conclusion It is necessary to install a mechanical ventilator on the Dayaoshan Tunnel, replace it with a single track bed, and implement occupational disease protection measures to protect the personal protection and occupational health monitoring of staff members.