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目的:探讨小儿反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)的危险因素,为降低儿童RRTI患病率制定相应的预防措施。方法:采用成组设计的病例对照研究方法,对RRTI病例及健康小儿各101例进行问卷调查,采用原子吸收法检测血微量元素(血锌、铜、铁、钙、镁)及血铅水平,采用免疫透射比浊法测定IgM、IgA、IgG、补体C3、补体C4的含量。应用Logistic回归模型控制混杂因素干扰。结果:儿童期不偏食、血锌为保护性因素。血铅含量偏高、主要看护人不是自己父母、户外活动时间短、既往佝偻病史为RRTI的可能危险因素。结论:运用科学的营养方式,杜绝偏食,坚持体育锻炼及户外活动,父母多看护儿女,定期检测微量元素,必要时补充锌或驱铅治疗,提高机体抵抗力,将会减少RRTI发生率。
Objective: To investigate the risk factors of recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) in children and to provide corresponding preventive measures to reduce the prevalence of RRTI in children. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in a group design. 101 cases of RRTI and healthy children were surveyed by questionnaire. The blood levels of trace elements (blood zinc, copper, iron, calcium and magnesium) and blood lead were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Immunoturbidimetry was used to determine the contents of IgM, IgA, IgG, complement C3 and complement C4. Apply Logistic Regression Model to Control Confounding Interference. Results: Childhood partial eclipse, blood zinc as a protective factor. High levels of blood lead, the main caregiver is not their own parents, outdoor activities for a short time, the history of previous rickets as a possible risk factor RRTI. Conclusion: The scientific method of nutrition should be adopted to prevent partial eclipse, maintain physical activity and outdoor activities. Parents should take care of their children, regular testing of trace elements, if necessary zinc supplementation or lead expelling treatment to improve body resistance, will reduce RRTI incidence.