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流感病毒通过上呼吸道感染,局部分泌型抗体与血清抗体的产生对诱导交叉保护很重要,因为粘膜IgA主要提供抗上呼吸道感染的保护作用,而血清IgG抗体主要保护下呼吸道,所以建立一种能刺激粘膜IgA抗体产生的免疫方法可能会提高目前灭活疫苗的保护效果。然而,单独鼻内接种灭活疫苗不能诱导足够的粘膜IgA应答,需要有效的佐剂来增强其效力。多聚微粒可能是首选的免疫佐剂,因为抗原可能会掺入这些微粒,或与这些微粒结合。作者比较了不同离子交换树脂微粒对流感病毒血凝素（HA）疫苗鼻内接种小鼠的效果的增强作用。
Influenza virus infection through the upper respiratory tract, local production of antibodies and serum antibodies to induce cross-protection is important because mucosal IgA mainly provides protection against upper respiratory tract infection, and serum IgG antibodies mainly protect the lower respiratory tract, so to establish a can Immunization methods that stimulate the production of mucosal IgA antibodies may improve the protective effect of the current inactivated vaccine. However, inactivated vaccines administered intranasally alone failed to induce adequate mucosal IgA responses and required effective adjuvants to enhance their efficacy. Polymeric particles may be the preferred immunoadjuvants because antigens may be incorporated into these particles or bind to these particles. The authors compared the effect of different ion exchange resin particles on the effect of intranasal inoculation of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine in mice.