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农业现代化在很大程度上取决于各类农用化学品的发展,其中有些是高度危险的(化学)农药。据世界卫生组织最近的估计,每年因农药中毒致病的约有75万人,致死的约1.4万人(1989年)。除了引起环境污染以外,化学农药对非靶标生物、包括一些有益生物产生不利影响,从而威胁生态平衡。随同化学防治出现的问题还有害虫和病原菌对农药产生的抗性。此外,有些新筛选的农药作用专一,只能提供短期的保护,有时只对某些害物有效。在几种害虫和病原菌同时存在时,如土壤传播的病原菌,它们就无法减少作物的损失。此
Agricultural modernization depends to a large extent on the development of various agrochemicals, some of which are highly dangerous (chemical) pesticides. According to a recent World Health Organization estimate, about 750,000 people are killed each year by pesticide poisoning and about 14,000 are dead (1989). In addition to causing environmental pollution, chemical pesticides can adversely affect non-target organisms, including some beneficial organisms, thereby threatening ecological balance. Along with the emergence of chemical control problems there are pests and pathogens of pesticide resistance. In addition, some newly screened pesticides have a specific role that can only provide short-term protection and are sometimes effective only for certain pests. In the presence of several pests and pathogens, such as soil-borne pathogens, they can not reduce crop losses. this