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急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ALI/ARDS）是由各种病因导致的呼吸系统疾病，发病率和病死率高。外泌体可以通过旁分泌途径介导细胞通讯，转移蛋白质、脂质、核酸等，干预受体细胞的生物学功能。据报道，多种细胞来源的外泌体在ALI/ARDS炎症模型中均可发挥免疫调节作用。本文就外泌体参与ALI/ARDS免疫调节的可能机制及治疗手段进行综述。“,”Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a respiratory disorder with high morbidity and mortality caused by various causes. Exosomes can mediate cell communication through paracrine pathways, transfer proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, etc., and interfere with the biological functions of recipient cells. Various cell-derived exosomes have been reported to play an immunomodulatory role in the ALI/ARDS inflammatory model. This article reviews the mechanism of exosomes involved in immune regulation of ALI/ARDS and possible therapeutic approaches.