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亚理士多德《诗学》第二十四章提出诗人应该借助“paralogism”获取艺术效果,并从《奥德赛》第十九卷选取例证。目前学界常见的《诗学》英译本和中译本中对此例证的解释存在分歧。分歧之一在于回答作品中“paralogism”由谁做出推断,一种认为是奥德修斯的妻子Penelo-pe,另一种认为是老仆Eurycleia。后一种观点不符合《诗学》关于诗人语言技艺的论述。分歧之二是“paralogism”如何展开,一种观点认为是借用了调换因果前后顺序的方法,另一种观点认为是“一果多因”不能逆推造成了“谬误判断”。后一种观点与亚理士多德的自叙初衷不够契合。
The twenty-fourth chapter of Aristotle’s Poetics argues that poets should obtain the artistic effect through “paralogism” and take examples from the 19th volume of Odyssey. At present, there are differences in the explanation of this illustration in the English version of the poetics commonly found in academia. One of the differences lies in the answer to who made the “paralogism” in the work, one is Penelo-pe, Odysseus’s wife, and the other is Eurycleia. The latter view does not conform to the poetics on the poet language skills. The second difference is how “paralogism” unfolds. One view is that it borrows the method of reversing the sequence of causes and consequences, and the other view is that “multiple causes of one result” can not be reversed to create “false judgments.” The latter view does not fit well with the original intention of Aristotle’s self-narrative.