一、引言多年生禾本科牧草具有适应性广、抗逆性强、产草及产籽量高和利用年限长等特点,而它们的经济用途又极为广泛,除了是牲畜良好的饲草外,还能提高土壤肥力,保持水土,尤其在自然条件较差的牧区人工草地建设中占有重要地位。因此,研究禾本科牧草的生物学特性具有现实意义。根系在植物生活中具有十分重要的意义,它是植物体重要的组成部分,用以固定和支持植物体並为植物的吸收器官,从土壤中吸收水分和养料,此外,根系还是植物的贮藏器官,贮备足够的营养物质,为牧草越冬及生长打下基础。 I. Introduction Perennial grasses have the characteristics of wide adaptability, strong resistance, high yield and seed production and long service life, and their economic use is very extensive. In addition to being a good livestock forage, Can improve soil fertility, maintain soil and water, occupy an important position especially in the construction of artificial grassland in pastoral areas with poor natural conditions. Therefore, the study of the biological characteristics of grasses has practical significance. The root system is of great importance in the life of the plant. It is an important part of the plant body, which is used to fix and support the plant body and to absorb the organs of the plant, to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. In addition, the root system is also a plant storage organ , Store enough nutrients to lay the foundation for the pasture and winter growth.