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This study aimed to examine the diagnosis performance of 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) and multimodality imaging [ultrasound,single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT)] for hyperparathyroidism (HPT).From Nov.2009 to Dec.2015,clinical data of a total of 43 HPT patients (16 males and 27 females;26-70 years old,average age:51.60±10.66 years old) were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,19 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) underwent 99mTc-MIBI planar imaging,24 [15 with PHPT and 9 with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT)] underwent SPECT/CT hybrid imaging,and 41 (33 with PHPT and 8 with SHPT) had neck ultrasound imaging.Final diagnosis was determined by pathological examination after surgery.The positive rate was compared between different imaging modalities,and the correlation analysis was conducted between imaging results and lesion size or serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level.The results showed that the total positive rates of 99mTc-MIBI imaging,ultrasound,and the two combined imaging in the 43 HPT cases were 90.70％ (39/43),58.54％ (24/41),and 100％ (41/41),respectively.According to lesion numbers,the positive rates were 79.10％ (53/67),53.23％ (33/62),and 88.71％ (55/62),respectively.SPECT/CT hybrid images were positive in all the 24 patients who underwent this examination.The mean maximum diameters of the lesions in 99mTc-MIBI positive and negative patients were 1.96±0.95 cm and 1.36±0.67 cm respectively,with statistically significant difference noted (P=0.03).The T/NT of 99mTc-MIBI imaging at the early phase was correlated positively with serum PTH level (r=0.40,P=0.01).The T/NT of 99mTc-MIBI imaging at both the early phase and the delay phase was correlated positively with lesion size (r=0.51,and r=0.45,respectively;P＜0.01 for both).It was concluded that 99mTc-MIBI imaging presents significant value for location diagnosis of HPT,especially when combined with SPECT/CT hybrid imaging or ultrasound.The 99mTc-MIBI uptake correlates positively with serum PTH level and lesion size.