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依据托马斯·阿奎那在《神学大全》中的论述,灵魂,尤其是人类的理智灵魂,乃是一种特殊的形式。其特殊性在于:一、与一般的非生命体的形式相比较,灵魂是生命体的第一原则,等级更高,更加高贵;二、按照生命体的形式的等级,人类的理智灵魂高于动物的感觉灵魂和植物的生长灵魂,并且包含有后两者的全部能力;三、灵魂作为形式,对于质料具有主动性,并且理智灵魂具有对其他形式的认知能力,这种认知因为主动理智的原因而与上帝有关系;四、灵魂脱离躯体后,依然保有其存在,但是其认知方式已经有所改变。
According to Thomas Aquinas in Theological Theses, the soul, and especially the human intellect, is a special form. Its particularity lies in: First, compared with the general form of non-living body, the soul is the first principle of the living body, with a higher level and nobler. Second, according to the level of the living body, the human soul is higher than Animal sense of the soul and the plant’s growing soul, and contains the latter two full capacity; Third, the soul as a form, for the material with the initiative, and rational soul has other forms of cognitive ability, this perception because of the initiative Reason for God and the relationship; Fourth, the soul from the body, still retain its existence, but its cognitive style has changed.