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目的 探讨对甲状腺肿瘤的诊断及预后判定具有临床意义的标记物。方法 用文献综述的方法对多种标记物在甲状腺肿瘤中的表达及意义进行讨论。结果 CD2 6及半乳糖凝集素 3对分化性甲癌比较特异 ,可作为其术前诊断的一种较简单、可靠的标记物 ;CD97则对未分化甲癌及伴有转移的甲状腺癌比较特异 ;CD15及端粒酶活性检测则可应用于甲状腺包块的针吸细胞学 (FNAB)检查 ,可进一步提高FNAB诊断的正确率 ;RET/PTC则主要有助于对甲状腺髓样癌的诊断 ;癌胚纤维连接蛋白则对乳头状癌及退行性癌特异 ;甲状腺过氧化物酶有助于鉴别甲状腺良、恶性肿瘤。结论 甲状腺癌肿瘤标记物有很多 ,但目前尚缺乏对甲状腺癌的某一种组织类型完全特异的标记物 ,有待进一步探讨
Objective To explore clinically significant markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid tumors. Methods The literature review was used to discuss the expression and significance of multiple markers in thyroid tumors. Results CD2 6 and galectin 3 were specific for differentiated thyroid carcinoma and could be used as a simpler and more reliable marker for preoperative diagnosis. CD97 is more specific for undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma and metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Detection of CD15 and telomerase activity can be applied to the needle aspiration cytology (FNAB) examination of the thyroid mass, which can further improve the accuracy of FNAB diagnosis; RET/PTC is mainly helpful to the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma; Carcinoembryonic fibronectin is specific for papillary carcinoma and degenerative carcinoma; thyroid peroxidase is helpful in distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid tumors. Conclusion There are many tumor markers of thyroid cancer, but there is still a lack of markers that are completely specific to one tissue type of thyroid cancer.