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全球贸易的迅速发展及技术进步,使如何提高港口效率,如何使港口管理、经营和生产的日趋合理化成为港口界面临的最重要和最紧迫的课题。信息技术及其系统在港口业中的应用在一定程度上已使亚太地区的主要港口在管理,经营及生产方面的效率得到了提升和优化。所以,港口对新的管理、经营和作业模式的定位就变得异常重要。（一）8个亚太经合组织经济体港口管理、经营和作业模式1.澳大利亚根据联邦宪法,各州及领地政府负责提供和维护港口设施,但对港口基础设施不作立法规定。所以每一级政府都有权为所属的港口在管理、经营和生产方面制定相应政策。大多数澳大利亚港务局是在州立法体制下,以法人地位运作的。港口赖以运作的政策规定各个州均不相同。很多港务局都采用“土地所有人”方式,各类港口服务则由私有部门提供。州政府一般都通过内部参股的方式,保持对公司化港口的所有权,有权指定董事会成员,州政府相关部门则行使对非法人地位的港口进行管理。
The rapid development of global trade and technological progress have made it possible to improve port efficiency and how to rationalize port management, operation and production becomes the most important and urgent issue facing the port community. The application of information technology and its systems in the port industry has, to some extent, upgraded and optimized the management, operation and production efficiency of major ports in the Asia Pacific region. Therefore, the port’s positioning of the new management, operation and operating modes becomes extremely important. (A) Port Management, Management and Operation Modes for 8 APEC Economies 1. Australia Under the federal constitution, the states and territorial governments are responsible for providing and maintaining port facilities but not for port infrastructure. Therefore, each level of government has the right to make corresponding policies on the management, operation and production of their respective ports. Most Australian Port Authorities operate under a state legal system under the state legislature. The policies on which ports operate depend on the state. Many port authorities adopt the “landowner” approach and various port services are provided by the private sector. State governments generally maintain ownership of corporatized ports through internal shareholding and have the power to designate board members, while state government departments exercise the control of unincorporated ports.