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实验性癌研究的一个主要任务是寻找人患癌症的原因。人们很早就对职业性癌有所了解,积累了不少经验,知道有些化学物质可以致癌。经验还证明,从工作环境中消除这些化学物质便可以防止有关职业性癌的发生,也就是说职业性癌是可以预防的。实验性癌研究是用动物试验(主要用啮齿类动物)鉴定致癌的化学物质。这种实验结果究竟能在多大程度上可以引伸到人的实际情况上,是一个很值得探讨的问题。现在经动物实验已知800余种化学物质可以致癌。然而,确知对人致癌的只不过25种,其余的尚缺少对人致癌的直接证据。
One of the main tasks of experimental cancer research is to look for the causes of cancer in people. People knew about occupational cancer very early and accumulated a lot of experience, knowing that some chemicals can cause cancer. Experience has also shown that elimination of these chemicals from the work environment can prevent the occurrence of occupational cancer, which means that occupational cancer can be prevented. Experimental cancer studies use animal tests (primarily rodents) to identify carcinogenic chemicals. The extent to which this experimental result can be extended to the actual situation of human beings is a question worth exploring. More than 800 chemical substances are known to cause cancer in animal experiments. However, it is known that there are only 25 types of carcinogenic humans, and the rest lacks direct evidence of carcinogenicity to humans.