“为政以德”是孔子政治伦理思想最为核心的范畴之一,而其中天心之德是无差别的,具有普遍性的,也是“为政”的本原根据。“天”是非实体化、非对象化的,只能依靠个体的信仰或感怀去体知。但是,“知天”之后孔子仍然以个体所处的人伦社会作为最终的归宿点,并没有一直停留在形而上的层面,正是这种意向性的超拨与实质性的返回,使得儒家的信仰或感怀是伦理性的,而不是宗教性的。 One of the most central aspects of Confucius’ political ethics thought is that “virtue of nature and nature” is undifferentiated, universal, and also the original basis of “governing”. “Heaven ” is non-materialized and non-objectified, and can only be relied on by individual belief or feeling. However, Confucius did not stop at the metaphysical level with the human society society in which the individual lived after it was known by Confucius. It is precisely this intentional overstatement and substantive return that makes Confucianism Beliefs or feelings are ethical, not religious.