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小神经胶质细胞具有高分支且可以动态移动的细胞突起,在生理条件下监控脑的活动.在病理刺激下,小神经胶质细胞表现出形态学变化,向损伤部位迁移,并在此处的炎性反应和神经元损伤中发挥重要作用.在脑损伤发生的数分钟内,小神经胶质细胞突起很快延伸至损伤部位.这种趋化作用为损伤部位的ATP释放和随之发生的小神经胶质细胞嘌呤能受体-P2Y12R活化所触发.除嘌呤能信号之外,大量神经元信号分子正向或负向调控小神经胶质细胞的移动,这对调节病理条件下的小神经胶质细胞功能性活化起重要作用.本综述重点讨论小神经胶质细胞的动态移动过程,并描述几种在正常和病理脑组织中调节小神经胶质细胞移动的重要信号分子及其作用.“,”Microglia have highly branched and motile cell processes and constantly screen the brain parenchyma under physiological conditions.In response to pathological stimuli,microglia exhibit morphological changes and migrate toward the lesioned site,where they play important roles in inflammatory reactions and neuronal damage.Within minutes of brain damage,microglial processes rapidly extend toward the injured site.The chemoattractive response is triggered by ATP released at the site of injury and the consequent activation of the purinergic receptor P2Y12R on microglia.In addition to the purinergic signals,various neuronal signaling molecules actively and negatively control microglial motility,which is important for regulating the functional activation of microglia in response to pathology.In this review,we focus on the dynamic motion of microglia and describe several key molecules regulating microglial motility in normal and pathological brain tissues.(C) 2010 Wiley-Liss,Inc.